Esther Introduction

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The Book of Esther paints a beautiful picture of God’s providence. The prideful are judged while a lowly maiden is elevated to queen of the Persian Empire. Why was she exalted? So that at the precise time the Jews needed a savior, she possessed the authority to plead for their lives.

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Full of drama that has inspired feature films, the historical account portrays God moving in a pagan society. Even without His overt mention, we find God sovereign over all kings, peoples, and lands. God orchestrates events that protect His people while judging the wicked. Therefore, the book challenges us to look for God’s movements in subtle ways.

The tale is also one of love. Ahasuerus’s affection for his wife is pivotal to the Jews’ deliverance, and Esther’s love for her people compels her to risk her life for them. Mordecai’s love for Esther drives him to serve in the king’s court, allowing him to save the king’s life.

Finally, the account describes two role models. Esther sets the example of a godly woman remaining faithful in a sinful environment over which she has no control. Contrary to modern expectations, she is exalted because she is humble, obedient, and submissive. Mordecai, similarly contrary, is elevated without pushing and shoving for the top. His dedicated service to Esther and the king earns him honor. Therefore, the book of Esther encourages us to ponder the appropriate roles of men, women, and wives.

Author

Unknown. Possibly Mordecai.

Recurring Themes

• Obedience
• Faithfulness
• Divine providence

Time Period

Between Darius I’s decree to rebuild the Temple and Ezra’s return to Jerusalem. Historians suggest Ahasuerus was Xerxes I, Darius’ son, who reigned from 486 to 465 BC, but no definitive proof has surfaced.

Context

The seventy years of captivity in Babylon have ended. Now conquered by the Medes and Persians, the Babylonian Jews could return to Israel or continue in the new empire. While some left for the ruined homeland to rebuild, the majority of Jews remained dispersed throughout the region. Mordecai and Esther are among those who chose to stay until Israel was restored.

Outline

Ch. 1. Vashti is removed as queen.
Ch. 2. Esther is chosen as queen, and Mordecai saves the king’s life.
Ch. 3. Haman plots to destroy the Jews.
Ch. 4. Mordecai asks Esther to intervene on behalf of the Jews.
Ch. 5–7. Esther persuades Ahasuerus to spare the Jews.
Ch. 8–10. The Jews gain victory over Haman’s plot.

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